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sSQL = sSQL & "Articles.Article_Images, Categories.Category_ID, Categories.Category_Title, Users.User_ID, "
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sSQL = sSQL & "INNER JOIN FB_Articles AS Articles ON Categories.Category_ID = Articles.Article_Category_ID) "
sSQL = sSQL & "ON Users.User_ID = Articles.Article_User_ID WHERE Article_Status = 1 AND Article_Level = 0 "
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Early mortality tables
As explained before the very early burial and funeral offices were not run on sound mathematical principals when it came to calculating premium. This was mainly due to the lack of statistics available at the time. There were no real records kept of births and deaths and therefore no real records on which to base life expectation.
The first efforts in this direction were made by parish clerks of the City of London who collected records of baptisms and burials from about 1582. Their records were later issued as ‘Bills of Mortality’.
These ‘Bills of Mortality’ we analysed by a John Graunt who constructed them into the first mortality table. These calculations were still very imprecise by today’s standards, but they were used by the Rev Dr Assheton who founded the Life Insurance and Annuity Association in 1699. Unfortunately this was not a successful venture as premiums turned out to be too low.
Others also started to look into mortality including renowned scientists such as Edmond Halley the astronomer and Isaac Newton. James Dodson in 1756 showed that scientific life insurance was possible by charging level premiums based on the entry age of the life insured under the policy. The equitable use his principals when it was founded in 1762.
One of the earliest tables used, was the Northampton table which was based on deaths recorded in Northampton between the years 1735 to 1780. This was followed by the Carlisle table which was based on deaths recorded in Carlisle between the years of 1780 to 1787. This last table was published in 1815 and was used by many life offices for several years.
Accurate mortality tables became available in the 19 th century when the Government introduced the ten yearly census starting at 1801. This provided country wide data rather than that of just one town. The table produced on the census completed in 1841 was titled the English life table No 1 with subsequent table numbers being used for the following tables based on the following census. These tables became more and more comprehensive as the years passed. These tables were based on the whole population rather than just those insured, where experience might be different.
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